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Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Office of the
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights - OHCHR
Preamble
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity
and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is
the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
Whereas disregard and contempt for human
rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of
mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of
speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the
highest aspiration of the common people,
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to
be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny
and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,
Whereas it is essential to promote the
development of friendly relations between nations,
Whereas the peoples of the United Nations
have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the
dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women
and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in
larger freedom,
Whereas Member States have pledged
themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of
universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,
Whereas a common understanding of these
rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of
this pledge,
Now, therefore,
The General Assembly,
Proclaims this Universal Declaration of
Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations,
to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this
Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to
promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures,
national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition
and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the
peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.
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Article 1
All human beings are born free and
equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and
should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
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Article 2
Everyone is entitled to all the rights
and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind,
such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion,
national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
Furthermore, no distinction shall be
made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status
of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be
independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of
sovereignty.
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Article 3
Everyone has the right to life, liberty
and security of person.
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Article 4
No one shall be held in slavery or
servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their
forms.
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| Article 5
No one shall be subjected to torture or
to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 6
Everyone has the right to recognition
everywhere as a person before the law.
Article 7
All are equal before the law and are
entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are
entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this
Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
Article 8
Everyone has the right to an effective
remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the
fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law. |
http://web.amnesty.org/ |
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Article 9
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary
arrest, detention or exile.
Article 10
Everyone is entitled in full equality
to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in
the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge
against him. |
Article 11
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Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be
presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at
which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
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No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of
any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national
or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier
penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal
offence was committed.
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Article 12
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary
interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to
attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the
protection of the law against such interference or attacks. |
| Article 13
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Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and
residence within the borders of each State.
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Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his
own, and to return to his country.
Article 14
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Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other
countries asylum from persecution.
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This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions
genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the
purposes and principles of the United Nations.
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Article 15
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Everyone has the right to a nationality.
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No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality
nor denied the right to change his nationality.
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Article 16
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Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race,
nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They
are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its
dissolution.
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Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full
consent of the intending spouses.
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The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of
society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
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Article 17
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Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in
association with others.
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No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
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| Article 18
Everyone has the right to freedom of
thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his
religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others
and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching,
practice, worship and observance. |
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human
Rights - OHCHR |
Office of the
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights - OHCHR |
Article 19
Everyone has the right to freedom of
opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without
interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through
any media and regardless of frontiers.
Article 20
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Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and
association.
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No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
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| Article 21
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Everyone has the right to take part in the government of
his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
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Everyone has the right to equal access to public service
in his country.
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The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority
of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine
elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held
by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
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Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human
Rights - OHCHR |
Office of the
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights - OHCHR |
Article 22
Everyone, as a member of society, has
the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through
national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the
organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and
cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of
his personality. |
| Article 23
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Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of
employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection
against unemployment.
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Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to
equal pay for equal work.
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Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable
remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of
human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social
protection.
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Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions
for the protection of his interests.
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| Article 25
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Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate
for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including
food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services,
and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness,
disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in
circumstances beyond his control.
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Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and
assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy
the same social protection.
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Office of the
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights - OHCHR |
Office of the
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights - OHCHR |
Article 26
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Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be
free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary
education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall
be made generally available and higher education shall be equally
accessible to all on the basis of merit.
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Education shall be directed to the full development of the
human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and
friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall
further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
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Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education
that shall be given to their children.
Article 27
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Everyone has the right freely to participate in the
cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in
scientific advancement and its benefits.
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Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and
material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic
production of which he is the author.
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| Article 28
Everyone is entitled to a social and
international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this
Declaration can be fully realized.
Article 29
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Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the
free and full development of his personality is possible.
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In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall
be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for
the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and
freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality,
public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
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These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised
contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 30
Nothing in this Declaration may be
interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage
in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the
rights and freedoms set forth herein. |
Office of the
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights - OHCHR |
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